Amazon’s Supply Chain Challenges

May 11th, 2020    4 Min Read   

Amazon Prime Day started five years ago as part of the company’s 20th-anniversary celebrations. Prime Day is when Amazon cuts the price of hundreds of goods and is the largest global event that is exclusively available to Prime members. For 2019, the sales event is estimated to have reached $7.16 billion globally for the 48-hour sale period, according to Internet Retailer. The sales are higher by 71 percent during the Amazon Prime Day in 2018.

Many businesses remain in awe of how Amazon is changing supply chain management and its ability to stage a massive sale such as Prime Day. But enterprises should remember that Amazon also faces supply chain challenges, especially during the Prime Day sale as shoppers have complained that goods marked as available become sold out while customers are still in the process of checking out.

Businesses who want to gain valuable insights from Amazon supply chain management will do well in understanding how its supply chain works and the challenges it faces in staging the Prime Day Sale.

How Does Amazon’s Supply Chain Work?

In 2018, Amazon had roughly 800 logistics sites around the world, half of which are based in the United States. Below are some figures to illustrate the largeness of the company’s shipping and logistics infrastructure.

• 300 fulfillment centers worldwide
• 300 delivery stations worldwide
• 80 Prime Now hubs or small warehouses located in major cities that allow Amazon to deliver within two hours
• 80 sortation centers or distribution centers where pallets or packages are sorted out. Sortation centers are usually located near the fulfillment centers
• 20 pantry or fresh food distribution centers in the United States
• 12 whole food retail centers (after the purchase of Whole Foods Group)

Despite its scale, Amazon’s supply chain management process is fairly uncomplicated. It begins when consumers place an order. The warehouse is then prompted via a red light to show the warehouse personnel of the products that were ordered so he or she can match the bar code with the order. After this, the ordered products are placed in the conveyor aboard a crate before they are sent to the distribution center for sorting by bar codes.

The crates are transferred to the central point where the orders are matched with the bar codes of the products and automatically sorted into chutes before they are placed in a box. The bar codes are then used for the identification of the order before the boxes are weighed and sealed with tape. They are then shipped either via UPS or US postal service for last mile delivery, where customers will receive the package within one to seven days.

Amazon’s warehouses are classified and divided into five different storage spaces; Library, Case Flow Prime, Pallet Prime, Random, and Reserve.

What are the Challenges of Amazon in Deliveries?

One might think that Amazon has minimal challenges doing deliveries given the company’s investment in technology. However, its scale also causes problems in the order fulfillment process. These are some of the challenges Amazon must solve in delivering goods to consumers.

Ensuring Supply is Sufficient for the Demands

Incorrect forecasting of demand typically results in dissatisfaction among consumers. Amazon yearly addresses the demand and supply problems by stocking up more inventory to meet the possibly large volume of orders during Prime Day and Holiday season. Data-driven, they rely heavily on past numbers and current customer trends to inform decisions long before events or holidays.

Preparing Resources for More Order Deliveries

Last-mile delivery of goods, especially during a peak season like Black Friday and Christmas, is a nightmare for Amazon. In fact, in Christmas of 2013, Amazon had a major logistics breakdown that resulted in many customers failing to receive their orders. This prompted Amazon to prepare for taking over the last mile of deliveries. The rumor mill is heavy with talks that Amazon is likely to become the world’s biggest shipping company soon as it is now said to be preparing its own delivery network.

Improving Technical Infrastructure for Spikes in Orders

Amazon is the owner of AWS, the biggest cloud computing service in the world, and yet the company’s technical infrastructure still gets overloaded during the Prime Day sale. Customers have complained of the site’s inability to checkout their orders in the first few years of Amazon Prime Days. Technical glitches are still something that the retail giant is constantly addressing.

Amazon is a game-changer and trailblazer in the eCommerce industry, but this doesn’t mean the giant is without its supply chain management problems. Businesses already engaged or about to launch their own online shops should do well in taking lessons from how Amazon works at scale to meet the challenges and is continuously out-innovating itself to overcome new obstacles.

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